Siste publikasjoner

27778 American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 100(3), 889-905 (2018) Ragnar Arnason, Trond Bjørndal, Daniel V. Gordon and Mintewab Bezabih Measuring Potential Rents in the North Sea Herring Fishery (https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aay003) /Files 3 2018 0 PubID 27778 0 0 Pub_TypeNumber American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 100(3), 889-905 (2018) 0 1 Pub_Writer Ragnar Arnason, Trond Bjørndal, Daniel V. Gordon and Mintewab Bezabih 0 2 Pub_Title Measuring Potential Rents in the North Sea Herring Fishery (https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aay003) 0 3 Pub_Publication /Files 0 4 Pub_AbstractEn 0 5 Pub_Type 3 0 6 Pub_Year 2018 0 7 Pub_OldID 0 0 8 27777 Energy, 150, 992-1005 (2018) Endre Bjørndal, Mette Bjørndal, Kjetil Trovik Midthun og Asgeir Tomasgard Stochastic electricity dispatch: A challenge for market design (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.02.055) /Files 3 2018 0 PubID 27777 1 0 Pub_TypeNumber Energy, 150, 992-1005 (2018) 1 1 Pub_Writer Endre Bjørndal, Mette Bjørndal, Kjetil Trovik Midthun og Asgeir Tomasgard 1 2 Pub_Title Stochastic electricity dispatch: A challenge for market design (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.02.055) 1 3 Pub_Publication /Files 1 4 Pub_AbstractEn 1 5 Pub_Type 3 1 6 Pub_Year 2018 1 7 Pub_OldID 0 1 8 27776 Facilities, 36(5/6), 230-243 (2018) Arnt Ove Hopland and Sturla F. Kvamsdal Concerns among local government facility managers: a Norwegian survey (https://10.1108/F-11-2016-0098) /Files 3 2018 0 PubID 27776 2 0 Pub_TypeNumber Facilities, 36(5/6), 230-243 (2018) 2 1 Pub_Writer Arnt Ove Hopland and Sturla F. Kvamsdal 2 2 Pub_Title Concerns among local government facility managers: a Norwegian survey (https://10.1108/F-11-2016-0098) 2 3 Pub_Publication /Files 2 4 Pub_AbstractEn 2 5 Pub_Type 3 2 6 Pub_Year 2018 2 7 Pub_OldID 0 2 8 26778 R01/18 Eirik Vatne Sysselsetting i petroleumsvirksomhet 2017. Omfang og lokalisering av ansatte i oljeselskap og den spesialiserte leverandørindustrien /Files/Filer/Publications/R01_18.pdf 2 2018 0 PubID 26778 3 0 Pub_TypeNumber R01/18 3 1 Pub_Writer Eirik Vatne 3 2 Pub_Title Sysselsetting i petroleumsvirksomhet 2017. Omfang og lokalisering av ansatte i oljeselskap og den spesialiserte leverandørindustrien 3 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/R01_18.pdf 3 4 Pub_AbstractEn 3 5 Pub_Type 2 3 6 Pub_Year 2018 3 7 Pub_OldID 0 3 8 26777 R02/18 Torstein Nesheim Hva kjennetegner Oljedirektoratets organisasjon? /Files/Filer/Publications/R02_18.pdf 2 2018 0 PubID 26777 4 0 Pub_TypeNumber R02/18 4 1 Pub_Writer Torstein Nesheim 4 2 Pub_Title Hva kjennetegner Oljedirektoratets organisasjon? 4 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/R02_18.pdf 4 4 Pub_AbstractEn 4 5 Pub_Type 2 4 6 Pub_Year 2018 4 7 Pub_OldID 0 4 8 26776 International Game Theory Review (2018) Evangelos Toumasatos and Stein Ivar Steinshamn Coalition Formation with Externalities: The Case of the Northeast Atlantic Mackerel Fishery in a Pre-and Post-Brexit Context (https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219198918500019) /Files 3 2018 0 PubID 26776 5 0 Pub_TypeNumber International Game Theory Review (2018) 5 1 Pub_Writer Evangelos Toumasatos and Stein Ivar Steinshamn 5 2 Pub_Title Coalition Formation with Externalities: The Case of the Northeast Atlantic Mackerel Fishery in a Pre-and Post-Brexit Context (https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219198918500019) 5 3 Pub_Publication /Files 5 4 Pub_AbstractEn 5 5 Pub_Type 3 5 6 Pub_Year 2018 5 7 Pub_OldID 0 5 8 25777 R09/17 Helle Kristine Fossbakk og Andreas Lunde Lossius Hvordan styre og tenke dynamisk ved bruk av scenarioer /Files/Filer/Publications/R09_17.pdf 2 2017 0 PubID 25777 6 0 Pub_TypeNumber R09/17 6 1 Pub_Writer Helle Kristine Fossbakk og Andreas Lunde Lossius 6 2 Pub_Title Hvordan styre og tenke dynamisk ved bruk av scenarioer 6 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/R09_17.pdf 6 4 Pub_AbstractEn 6 5 Pub_Type 2 6 6 Pub_Year 2017 6 7 Pub_OldID 0 6 8 25776 R08/17 Truls Hiis Bergh og Cedrik W. Dagousset En investeringsprosess sin påvirkning på prosjektgjennomføring /Files/Filer/Publications/R08_17.pdf 2 2017 0 PubID 25776 7 0 Pub_TypeNumber R08/17 7 1 Pub_Writer Truls Hiis Bergh og Cedrik W. Dagousset 7 2 Pub_Title En investeringsprosess sin påvirkning på prosjektgjennomføring 7 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/R08_17.pdf 7 4 Pub_AbstractEn 7 5 Pub_Type 2 7 6 Pub_Year 2017 7 7 Pub_OldID 0 7 8 24776 R06/17 Ove Rein Hetland, Aksel Mjøs og Li Zhang Det norske bedriftsbankmarkedet. En beskrivende analyse av bankmarkedet for norske bedriftskunder /Files/Filer/Publications/R06_17_.pdf 2 2017 0 PubID 24776 8 0 Pub_TypeNumber R06/17 8 1 Pub_Writer Ove Rein Hetland, Aksel Mjøs og Li Zhang 8 2 Pub_Title Det norske bedriftsbankmarkedet. En beskrivende analyse av bankmarkedet for norske bedriftskunder 8 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/R06_17_.pdf 8 4 Pub_AbstractEn 8 5 Pub_Type 2 8 6 Pub_Year 2017 8 7 Pub_OldID 0 8 8 24775 Int. J. Knowledge Management Studies, 9(1), 18-30 (2018) Isabell Schonhowd Haagensen, Eline Katrin Helland and Torstein Nesheim Enhancing knowledge articulation in communities of practices: the role of the community leader /Files 3 2018 0 PubID 24775 9 0 Pub_TypeNumber Int. J. Knowledge Management Studies, 9(1), 18-30 (2018) 9 1 Pub_Writer Isabell Schonhowd Haagensen, Eline Katrin Helland and Torstein Nesheim 9 2 Pub_Title Enhancing knowledge articulation in communities of practices: the role of the community leader 9 3 Pub_Publication /Files 9 4 Pub_AbstractEn 9 5 Pub_Type 3 9 6 Pub_Year 2018 9 7 Pub_OldID 0 9 8 24774 Aquaculture Economics & Management, 21(4), 433-451 (2017) Trond Bjørndal and Jordi Guillen Market integration between wild and farmed species in Spain (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2016.1214629) /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 24774 10 0 Pub_TypeNumber Aquaculture Economics & Management, 21(4), 433-451 (2017) 10 1 Pub_Writer Trond Bjørndal and Jordi Guillen 10 2 Pub_Title Market integration between wild and farmed species in Spain (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2016.1214629) 10 3 Pub_Publication /Files 10 4 Pub_AbstractEn 10 5 Pub_Type 3 10 6 Pub_Year 2017 10 7 Pub_OldID 0 10 8 24773 Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, 17731 (2017) Synnøve Nesse A Framework for Developing Organizational Crisis Leadership: An Integration of Multiple Perspectives (https://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2017.1773abstract) /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 24773 11 0 Pub_TypeNumber Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, 17731 (2017) 11 1 Pub_Writer Synnøve Nesse 11 2 Pub_Title A Framework for Developing Organizational Crisis Leadership: An Integration of Multiple Perspectives (https://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2017.1773abstract) 11 3 Pub_Publication /Files 11 4 Pub_AbstractEn 11 5 Pub_Type 3 11 6 Pub_Year 2017 11 7 Pub_OldID 0 11 8 24772 A15/17 Simen A. Ulsaker Competition and risk taking in the banking industry: The case of capital requirements /Files/Filer/Publications/A15_2017.pdf <p>This article examines how stricter capital requirements affect competition and risk-taking incentives in the banking industry. When banks choose their risk profiles by solving portfolio problems, there is a clear trade-off between competition and risk taking: stricter capital requirements restrict risk taking but soften competition for deposits. The clear trade-off disappears when banks compete in a loan market rather than choose their risk profiles directly. In this case, stricter capital requirements will lead to less risk taking only if they also lead to stronger competition in the loan market.</p> 1 2017 0 PubID 24772 12 0 Pub_TypeNumber A15/17 12 1 Pub_Writer Simen A. Ulsaker 12 2 Pub_Title Competition and risk taking in the banking industry: The case of capital requirements 12 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/A15_2017.pdf 12 4 Pub_AbstractEn <p>This article examines how stricter capital requirements affect competition and risk-taking incentives in the banking industry. When banks choose their risk profiles by solving portfolio problems, there is a clear trade-off between competition and risk taking: stricter capital requirements restrict risk taking but soften competition for deposits. The clear trade-off disappears when banks compete in a loan market rather than choose their risk profiles directly. In this case, stricter capital requirements will lead to less risk taking only if they also lead to stronger competition in the loan market.</p> 12 5 Pub_Type 1 12 6 Pub_Year 2017 12 7 Pub_OldID 0 12 8 24771 Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 50, 409-417, 2017 Haakon Elizabeth Lindstad, Gunnar Eskeland and Agathe Isabelle Rialland Batteries in offshore support vessels - Pollution, climate impact and economics (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.11.023) /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 24771 13 0 Pub_TypeNumber Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 50, 409-417, 2017 13 1 Pub_Writer Haakon Elizabeth Lindstad, Gunnar Eskeland and Agathe Isabelle Rialland 13 2 Pub_Title Batteries in offshore support vessels - Pollution, climate impact and economics (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.11.023) 13 3 Pub_Publication /Files 13 4 Pub_AbstractEn 13 5 Pub_Type 3 13 6 Pub_Year 2017 13 7 Pub_OldID 0 13 8 24770 Journal of Cleaner Production, 178, 1-13 (2018) Roar Adland, Pierre Cariou, Haiying Jia and Francois-Charles Wolff The energy efficiency effects of periodic ship hull cleaning (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.247) /Files 3 2018 0 PubID 24770 14 0 Pub_TypeNumber Journal of Cleaner Production, 178, 1-13 (2018) 14 1 Pub_Writer Roar Adland, Pierre Cariou, Haiying Jia and Francois-Charles Wolff 14 2 Pub_Title The energy efficiency effects of periodic ship hull cleaning (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.247) 14 3 Pub_Publication /Files 14 4 Pub_AbstractEn 14 5 Pub_Type 3 14 6 Pub_Year 2018 14 7 Pub_OldID 0 14 8 24768 A14/17 Leif K. Sandal, Sturla F. Kvamsdal, José M. Maroto and Manuel Morán A contraction approach to periodic optimization problems /Files/Filer/Publications/A14_17.pdf Consider an infinite horizon, multi-dimensional optimization problem with arbitrary but finite periodicity in discrete time. The problem can be posed as a set of coupled equations. We show that the problem is a special case of a more general class of problems, that the general class has a unique solution, and that the solution can be obtained with the help of a contraction operator. Special cases include the classical Bellman problem and stochastic problem formulations. Thus, we view our approach as an extension of the Bellman problem to the special case of non-autonomy that periodicity represents, and we thereby pave the way for consistent and rigorous treatment of, for example, seasonality in discrete, dynamic optimization. We demonstrate our method in a simple example with periodic variation in the objective function. 1 2017 0 PubID 24768 15 0 Pub_TypeNumber A14/17 15 1 Pub_Writer Leif K. Sandal, Sturla F. Kvamsdal, José M. Maroto and Manuel Morán 15 2 Pub_Title A contraction approach to periodic optimization problems 15 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/A14_17.pdf 15 4 Pub_AbstractEn Consider an infinite horizon, multi-dimensional optimization problem with arbitrary but finite periodicity in discrete time. The problem can be posed as a set of coupled equations. We show that the problem is a special case of a more general class of problems, that the general class has a unique solution, and that the solution can be obtained with the help of a contraction operator. Special cases include the classical Bellman problem and stochastic problem formulations. Thus, we view our approach as an extension of the Bellman problem to the special case of non-autonomy that periodicity represents, and we thereby pave the way for consistent and rigorous treatment of, for example, seasonality in discrete, dynamic optimization. We demonstrate our method in a simple example with periodic variation in the objective function. 15 5 Pub_Type 1 15 6 Pub_Year 2017 15 7 Pub_OldID 0 15 8 24767 Social Science & Medicine, 196, 166-174 (2018) Afsane Bjorvatn Private or public hospital ownership: Does it really matter? (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.038) /Files 3 2018 0 PubID 24767 16 0 Pub_TypeNumber Social Science & Medicine, 196, 166-174 (2018) 16 1 Pub_Writer Afsane Bjorvatn 16 2 Pub_Title Private or public hospital ownership: Does it really matter? (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.038) 16 3 Pub_Publication /Files 16 4 Pub_AbstractEn 16 5 Pub_Type 3 16 6 Pub_Year 2018 16 7 Pub_OldID 0 16 8 24766 Journal of East-West Business, 1-23 (2017) Alexander Jakubanecs, Magne Supphellen and James G. Helgeson Crisis Management Across Borders: Effects of a Crisis Event on Consumer Responses and Communication Strategies in Norway and Russia (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2017.1381214) /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 24766 17 0 Pub_TypeNumber Journal of East-West Business, 1-23 (2017) 17 1 Pub_Writer Alexander Jakubanecs, Magne Supphellen and James G. Helgeson 17 2 Pub_Title Crisis Management Across Borders: Effects of a Crisis Event on Consumer Responses and Communication Strategies in Norway and Russia (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2017.1381214) 17 3 Pub_Publication /Files 17 4 Pub_AbstractEn 17 5 Pub_Type 3 17 6 Pub_Year 2017 17 7 Pub_OldID 0 17 8 24765 R05/17 Line Torsøe og Sandra Gjester Hoel Digital kompetanseutvikling - En analyse av to tiltak i NRK /Files/Filer/Publications/R05_17.pdf 2 2017 0 PubID 24765 18 0 Pub_TypeNumber R05/17 18 1 Pub_Writer Line Torsøe og Sandra Gjester Hoel 18 2 Pub_Title Digital kompetanseutvikling - En analyse av to tiltak i NRK 18 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/R05_17.pdf 18 4 Pub_AbstractEn 18 5 Pub_Type 2 18 6 Pub_Year 2017 18 7 Pub_OldID 0 18 8 24764 R04/17 Henrik Kyte Assmann og Ivar Bergem Strand «Start Smart» En eksperimentell longitudinell studie av oppstartsaktiviteter i team /Files/Filer/Publications/R04_17.pdf 2 2017 0 PubID 24764 19 0 Pub_TypeNumber R04/17 19 1 Pub_Writer Henrik Kyte Assmann og Ivar Bergem Strand 19 2 Pub_Title «Start Smart» En eksperimentell longitudinell studie av oppstartsaktiviteter i team 19 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/R04_17.pdf 19 4 Pub_AbstractEn 19 5 Pub_Type 2 19 6 Pub_Year 2017 19 7 Pub_OldID 0 19 8 23764 Computational Economics, 1-20 (2017) Sturla F. Kvamsdal Indexing of Technical Change in Aggregated Data (https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10614-017-9771-8) /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 23764 20 0 Pub_TypeNumber Computational Economics, 1-20 (2017) 20 1 Pub_Writer Sturla F. Kvamsdal 20 2 Pub_Title Indexing of Technical Change in Aggregated Data (https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10614-017-9771-8) 20 3 Pub_Publication /Files 20 4 Pub_AbstractEn 20 5 Pub_Type 3 20 6 Pub_Year 2017 20 7 Pub_OldID 0 20 8 23763 Employee Relations, 39(7), 1083-1099 (2017) Anna Paula Fijalkowska, Karina Sofie Hjartåker and Torstein Nesheim Lay off employees or terminate consultant contracts? Responses to an external shock in three firms in the Norwegian petroleum industry (https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ER-11-2016-0219) /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 23763 21 0 Pub_TypeNumber Employee Relations, 39(7), 1083-1099 (2017) 21 1 Pub_Writer Anna Paula Fijalkowska, Karina Sofie Hjartåker and Torstein Nesheim 21 2 Pub_Title Lay off employees or terminate consultant contracts? Responses to an external shock in three firms in the Norwegian petroleum industry (https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ER-11-2016-0219) 21 3 Pub_Publication /Files 21 4 Pub_AbstractEn 21 5 Pub_Type 3 21 6 Pub_Year 2017 21 7 Pub_OldID 0 21 8 23762 Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 57, 303-313 (2017) Elizabeth Lindstad, Carl Fredrik Rehn and Gunnar Eskeland Sulphur Abatement Globally in Maritime Shipping (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.028) /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 23762 22 0 Pub_TypeNumber Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 57, 303-313 (2017) 22 1 Pub_Writer Elizabeth Lindstad, Carl Fredrik Rehn and Gunnar Eskeland 22 2 Pub_Title Sulphur Abatement Globally in Maritime Shipping (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.028) 22 3 Pub_Publication /Files 22 4 Pub_AbstractEn 22 5 Pub_Type 3 22 6 Pub_Year 2017 22 7 Pub_OldID 0 22 8 23761 Ecological Modelling, 364, 124-131 (2017) Sturla F. Kvamsdal, Jose M. Maroto, Manuel Moran and Leif Kristoffer Sandal A bridge between continuous and discrete-time bioeconomic models: Seasonality in fisheries (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.09.020) /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 23761 23 0 Pub_TypeNumber Ecological Modelling, 364, 124-131 (2017) 23 1 Pub_Writer Sturla F. Kvamsdal, Jose M. Maroto, Manuel Moran and Leif Kristoffer Sandal 23 2 Pub_Title A bridge between continuous and discrete-time bioeconomic models: Seasonality in fisheries (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.09.020) 23 3 Pub_Publication /Files 23 4 Pub_AbstractEn 23 5 Pub_Type 3 23 6 Pub_Year 2017 23 7 Pub_OldID 0 23 8 23760 Maritime Economics & Logistics, 1-12 (2017) Haiying Jia, Ove Daae Lampe, Veronika Soltészova and Siri Pettersen Strandenes An automatic algorithm for generating seaborne transport pattern maps based on AIS (https://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41278-017-0075-7) /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 23760 24 0 Pub_TypeNumber Maritime Economics & Logistics, 1-12 (2017) 24 1 Pub_Writer Haiying Jia, Ove Daae Lampe, Veronika Soltészova and Siri Pettersen Strandenes 24 2 Pub_Title An automatic algorithm for generating seaborne transport pattern maps based on AIS (https://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41278-017-0075-7) 24 3 Pub_Publication /Files 24 4 Pub_AbstractEn 24 5 Pub_Type 3 24 6 Pub_Year 2017 24 7 Pub_OldID 0 24 8 23759 Oxford Development Studies, 45(3), 338-351 (2017) Ivar Kolstad, Armando Garcia Pires and Arne Wiig Within-group heterogeneity and group dynamics: analyzing exit of microcredit groups in Angola (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2016.1243237) /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 23759 25 0 Pub_TypeNumber Oxford Development Studies, 45(3), 338-351 (2017) 25 1 Pub_Writer Ivar Kolstad, Armando Garcia Pires and Arne Wiig 25 2 Pub_Title Within-group heterogeneity and group dynamics: analyzing exit of microcredit groups in Angola (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2016.1243237) 25 3 Pub_Publication /Files 25 4 Pub_AbstractEn 25 5 Pub_Type 3 25 6 Pub_Year 2017 25 7 Pub_OldID 0 25 8 23758 Information Economics and Policy (2017) Hans Jarle Kind, Lars Sørgard and Armando Garcia Pires The effects of strategic news sources on media coverage (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2017.10.002) /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 23758 26 0 Pub_TypeNumber Information Economics and Policy (2017) 26 1 Pub_Writer Hans Jarle Kind, Lars Sørgard and Armando Garcia Pires 26 2 Pub_Title The effects of strategic news sources on media coverage (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2017.10.002) 26 3 Pub_Publication /Files 26 4 Pub_AbstractEn 26 5 Pub_Type 3 26 6 Pub_Year 2017 26 7 Pub_OldID 0 26 8 23757 Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 53, 37-49 (2017) Roar Os Ådland, Gro Fonnes, Haiying Jia, Ove Daae Lampe and Siri Pettersen Strandenes The impact of regional environmental regulations on empirical vessel speeds (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.03.018) /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 23757 27 0 Pub_TypeNumber Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 53, 37-49 (2017) 27 1 Pub_Writer Roar Os Ådland, Gro Fonnes, Haiying Jia, Ove Daae Lampe and Siri Pettersen Strandenes 27 2 Pub_Title The impact of regional environmental regulations on empirical vessel speeds (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.03.018) 27 3 Pub_Publication /Files 27 4 Pub_AbstractEn 27 5 Pub_Type 3 27 6 Pub_Year 2017 27 7 Pub_OldID 0 27 8 23756 Maritime Policy & Management, 44(5), 657-665 (2017) Roar Os Ådland, Haiying Jia and Siri Pettersen Strandenes Are AIS-based trade volume estimates reliable? The case of crude oil exports (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2017.1309470) /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 23756 28 0 Pub_TypeNumber Maritime Policy & Management, 44(5), 657-665 (2017) 28 1 Pub_Writer Roar Os Ådland, Haiying Jia and Siri Pettersen Strandenes 28 2 Pub_Title Are AIS-based trade volume estimates reliable? The case of crude oil exports (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2017.1309470) 28 3 Pub_Publication /Files 28 4 Pub_AbstractEn 28 5 Pub_Type 3 28 6 Pub_Year 2017 28 7 Pub_OldID 0 28 8 23755 Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 54, 50-60 (2017) Haiying Jia, Roar Os Ådland, Vishnu Prakash and Tristan Smith Energy efficiency with the application of virtual arrival policy (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.04.037) /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 23755 29 0 Pub_TypeNumber Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 54, 50-60 (2017) 29 1 Pub_Writer Haiying Jia, Roar Os Ådland, Vishnu Prakash and Tristan Smith 29 2 Pub_Title Energy efficiency with the application of virtual arrival policy (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.04.037) 29 3 Pub_Publication /Files 29 4 Pub_AbstractEn 29 5 Pub_Type 3 29 6 Pub_Year 2017 29 7 Pub_OldID 0 29 8 23753 A13/17 Arnt O. Hopland and Sturla F. Kvamsdal Building Conditions in Norwegian Local Governments: Trends and Determinants /Files/Filer/Publications/A13_17.pdf <p>In light of evidence of low levels of maintenance of public buildings, we investigate trends and determinants of public building conditions in Norwegian local governments. On average, the condition of Norwegian local public facilities have improved slightly in the period 2004 - 2016. Survey data suggest substantial fluctuations in building conditions and a negative relationship between building conditions in 2004 and 2016. A driver behind this result is high investments in local governments with poor building conditions in 2004. Further, we find no systematic relationship between the conditions in 2004 and maintenance expenditures in subsequent years. We conclude that if maintenance levels are too low, investment levels may be too high. Generally, our results hint at an unhealthy balance between maintenance spending and public spending. Finally, we find that both political and fiscal factors are important in explaining building conditions.</p> 1 2017 0 PubID 23753 30 0 Pub_TypeNumber A13/17 30 1 Pub_Writer Arnt O. Hopland and Sturla F. Kvamsdal 30 2 Pub_Title Building Conditions in Norwegian Local Governments: Trends and Determinants 30 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/A13_17.pdf 30 4 Pub_AbstractEn <p>In light of evidence of low levels of maintenance of public buildings, we investigate trends and determinants of public building conditions in Norwegian local governments. On average, the condition of Norwegian local public facilities have improved slightly in the period 2004 - 2016. Survey data suggest substantial fluctuations in building conditions and a negative relationship between building conditions in 2004 and 2016. A driver behind this result is high investments in local governments with poor building conditions in 2004. Further, we find no systematic relationship between the conditions in 2004 and maintenance expenditures in subsequent years. We conclude that if maintenance levels are too low, investment levels may be too high. Generally, our results hint at an unhealthy balance between maintenance spending and public spending. Finally, we find that both political and fiscal factors are important in explaining building conditions.</p> 30 5 Pub_Type 1 30 6 Pub_Year 2017 30 7 Pub_OldID 0 30 8 23752 Nordiske Organisasjonsstudier, 19(2), 3-24 (2017) Nicolay Mydland og Torstein Nesheim Avbyråkratisering i staten? Utfordringer ved prosjekt- og teamorganisering /Files/Filer/Publications/Artikkel_Nesheim_Nordiske Organisasjonsstudier.pdf 3 2017 0 PubID 23752 31 0 Pub_TypeNumber Nordiske Organisasjonsstudier, 19(2), 3-24 (2017) 31 1 Pub_Writer Nicolay Mydland og Torstein Nesheim 31 2 Pub_Title Avbyråkratisering i staten? Utfordringer ved prosjekt- og teamorganisering 31 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/Artikkel_Nesheim_Nordiske Organisasjonsstudier.pdf 31 4 Pub_AbstractEn 31 5 Pub_Type 3 31 6 Pub_Year 2017 31 7 Pub_OldID 0 31 8 23751 A12/17 Evangelos Toumasatos and Stein-Ivar Steinshamn Coalition formation with externalities: The case of the Northeast Atlantic mackerel fishery in a pre and post brexit context /Files/Filer/Publications/A12_17.pdf <p>In this paper we apply the so-called partition function approach to study coalition formation in the North-east Atlantic mackerel fishery in the presence of externalities. Atlantic mackerel is mainly exploited by the European Union (EU), the United Kingdom (UK), Norway the Faroe Islands and Iceland. Two games are considered. First, a four-player game where the UK is still a member of the EU. Second, a five-player game where the UK is no longer a member of the union. Each game is modelled in two stages. In the first stage, players form coalitions following a predefined set of rules. In the second stage given the coalition structure that has been formed, each coalition choose the economic strategy that maximises its own net present value of the fishery given the behavior of the other coalitions. The game is solved using backward induction to obtain the set of Nash equilibria coalition structures in pure strategies, if any. We find out that the current management regime is among the stable coalition structures in all eight scenarios of the four-player game but in only one case of the five-player game. In addition, stability in the five-player game is sensitive to the growth function applied and the magnitude of the stock elasticity parameter.</p> 1 2017 0 PubID 23751 32 0 Pub_TypeNumber A12/17 32 1 Pub_Writer Evangelos Toumasatos and Stein-Ivar Steinshamn 32 2 Pub_Title Coalition formation with externalities: The case of the Northeast Atlantic mackerel fishery in a pre and post brexit context 32 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/A12_17.pdf 32 4 Pub_AbstractEn <p>In this paper we apply the so-called partition function approach to study coalition formation in the North-east Atlantic mackerel fishery in the presence of externalities. Atlantic mackerel is mainly exploited by the European Union (EU), the United Kingdom (UK), Norway the Faroe Islands and Iceland. Two games are considered. First, a four-player game where the UK is still a member of the EU. Second, a five-player game where the UK is no longer a member of the union. Each game is modelled in two stages. In the first stage, players form coalitions following a predefined set of rules. In the second stage given the coalition structure that has been formed, each coalition choose the economic strategy that maximises its own net present value of the fishery given the behavior of the other coalitions. The game is solved using backward induction to obtain the set of Nash equilibria coalition structures in pure strategies, if any. We find out that the current management regime is among the stable coalition structures in all eight scenarios of the four-player game but in only one case of the five-player game. In addition, stability in the five-player game is sensitive to the growth function applied and the magnitude of the stock elasticity parameter.</p> 32 5 Pub_Type 1 32 6 Pub_Year 2017 32 7 Pub_OldID 0 32 8 22752 A11/17 Øystein Foros, Mai Thi Nguyen and Frode Steen The Effects of a Day Off from Retail Price Competition: Evidence on Consumer Behavior and Firm Performance in Gasoline Retailing /Files/Filer/Publications/A11_17.pdf <p>First, we analyze how regular days off from competition and a time-dependent price pattern affect firm performance. Second, we examine the effects on firms&rsquo; profitability from consumers&rsquo; changing search- and timing behavior. We use microdata from gasoline retailing in Norway. Since 2004, firms have practiced an industry-wide day off from competition, starting on Mondays at noon, by increasing prices to a common level given by the recommended prices (decided and published in advance). Hence, firms know when and to what level to raise their price. In areas without local competition, retail prices are always equal to the recommended prices. Hinged on this, we regard recommended prices as the monopoly price level. In turn, a foreseeable low-price window is open before every restoration. During the data period, we observe an additional weekly restoration on Thursdays at noon. We show that an additional day off from competition increases firm performance. As expected, a conventional price search of where to buy reduces firms&rsquo; profitability. In contrast, consumers who are aware of the cycle and spend effort on when to buy have a positive impact on firms&rsquo; profitability. If consumers spend effort on when to buy rather than were to buy, price competition might be softened even in the low-price windows.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> 1 2017 0 PubID 22752 33 0 Pub_TypeNumber A11/17 33 1 Pub_Writer Øystein Foros, Mai Thi Nguyen and Frode Steen 33 2 Pub_Title The Effects of a Day Off from Retail Price Competition: Evidence on Consumer Behavior and Firm Performance in Gasoline Retailing 33 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/A11_17.pdf 33 4 Pub_AbstractEn <p>First, we analyze how regular days off from competition and a time-dependent price pattern affect firm performance. Second, we examine the effects on firms&rsquo; profitability from consumers&rsquo; changing search- and timing behavior. We use microdata from gasoline retailing in Norway. Since 2004, firms have practiced an industry-wide day off from competition, starting on Mondays at noon, by increasing prices to a common level given by the recommended prices (decided and published in advance). Hence, firms know when and to what level to raise their price. In areas without local competition, retail prices are always equal to the recommended prices. Hinged on this, we regard recommended prices as the monopoly price level. In turn, a foreseeable low-price window is open before every restoration. During the data period, we observe an additional weekly restoration on Thursdays at noon. We show that an additional day off from competition increases firm performance. As expected, a conventional price search of where to buy reduces firms&rsquo; profitability. In contrast, consumers who are aware of the cycle and spend effort on when to buy have a positive impact on firms&rsquo; profitability. If consumers spend effort on when to buy rather than were to buy, price competition might be softened even in the low-price windows.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> 33 5 Pub_Type 1 33 6 Pub_Year 2017 33 7 Pub_OldID 0 33 8 22751 R03/17 Andreas Lie Hauge and Dan-Richard Knudsen Organizational Purpose in Management Control Systems /Files/Filer/Publications/R03_17.pdf <p>The aim of this thesis is to contribute with new insights on the concept of organizational purpose, by answering the following main research question:</p> <p>How does purpose influence the MCS in purpose-driven organizations?</p> <p>There has been a tremendous increase in the general interest of organizational purpose over the course of the last decade. However, there is still a significant lack of scholarly research conducted on the concept. In this thesis, we seek to gain an enhanced understanding of what organizational purpose is, how it may be operationalized in organizations&rsquo; management control systems (MCS), and the potential implications for employees. We seek to understand what organizational purpose is by reviewing the existing management literature on organizational purpose. Furthermore, we conduct a comparative analysis of how the concept is operationalized in the MCS of two Norwegian purpose-driven organizations. The analysis is based on qualitative data gathered from interviewing employees in these organizations.</p> <p>In answering our main research question, we find that there are three important aspects in which organizations with a desire to become purpose-driven need to consider. First, we find that operationalizing purpose in an organization&rsquo;s MCS is a laborious process. This implies that perseverance is a key factor. Second, our results suggest that organizational purpose must be operationalized in ways that are tangible for employees. The purpose should be articulated as an explicit statement, and should be operationalized in the MCS in ways that are understandable to employees. Third, we find that organizational purpose has the ability to spur organizational commitment and employee engagement. Potential consequences for organizations may be reduced turnover, higher level of innovation, and enhanced employee performance. However, our findings suggest that organizations may face a challenge in making employees&rsquo; commitment to the purpose cascade from upper management down to lower hierarchical levels.</p> 2 2017 0 PubID 22751 34 0 Pub_TypeNumber R03/17 34 1 Pub_Writer Andreas Lie Hauge and Dan-Richard Knudsen 34 2 Pub_Title Organizational Purpose in Management Control Systems 34 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/R03_17.pdf 34 4 Pub_AbstractEn <p>The aim of this thesis is to contribute with new insights on the concept of organizational purpose, by answering the following main research question:</p> <p>How does purpose influence the MCS in purpose-driven organizations?</p> <p>There has been a tremendous increase in the general interest of organizational purpose over the course of the last decade. However, there is still a significant lack of scholarly research conducted on the concept. In this thesis, we seek to gain an enhanced understanding of what organizational purpose is, how it may be operationalized in organizations&rsquo; management control systems (MCS), and the potential implications for employees. We seek to understand what organizational purpose is by reviewing the existing management literature on organizational purpose. Furthermore, we conduct a comparative analysis of how the concept is operationalized in the MCS of two Norwegian purpose-driven organizations. The analysis is based on qualitative data gathered from interviewing employees in these organizations.</p> <p>In answering our main research question, we find that there are three important aspects in which organizations with a desire to become purpose-driven need to consider. First, we find that operationalizing purpose in an organization&rsquo;s MCS is a laborious process. This implies that perseverance is a key factor. Second, our results suggest that organizational purpose must be operationalized in ways that are tangible for employees. The purpose should be articulated as an explicit statement, and should be operationalized in the MCS in ways that are understandable to employees. Third, we find that organizational purpose has the ability to spur organizational commitment and employee engagement. Potential consequences for organizations may be reduced turnover, higher level of innovation, and enhanced employee performance. However, our findings suggest that organizations may face a challenge in making employees&rsquo; commitment to the purpose cascade from upper management down to lower hierarchical levels.</p> 34 5 Pub_Type 2 34 6 Pub_Year 2017 34 7 Pub_OldID 0 34 8 22750 Nordiske Organisasjonsstudier, 19(1), 24-50 (2017) Leif Jarle Gressgård, Kåre Hansen og Torstein Nesheim Inter- og intraorganisatorisk samordning: Lærdommer fra strategien "Bolig for velferd" /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 22750 35 0 Pub_TypeNumber Nordiske Organisasjonsstudier, 19(1), 24-50 (2017) 35 1 Pub_Writer Leif Jarle Gressgård, Kåre Hansen og Torstein Nesheim 35 2 Pub_Title Inter- og intraorganisatorisk samordning: Lærdommer fra strategien "Bolig for velferd" 35 3 Pub_Publication /Files 35 4 Pub_AbstractEn 35 5 Pub_Type 3 35 6 Pub_Year 2017 35 7 Pub_OldID 0 35 8 22749 Søkelys på arbeidslivet, 3/2017, 199-215 Liv Helene Roverud, Tor Kristian Kjølvik, Torstein Nesheim og Kristin Jesnes Mellomledd i oppdragsmarkedet /Files/Filer/Publications/mellomledd_i_oppdragsmarkedet.pdf 3 2017 0 PubID 22749 36 0 Pub_TypeNumber Søkelys på arbeidslivet, 3/2017, 199-215 36 1 Pub_Writer Liv Helene Roverud, Tor Kristian Kjølvik, Torstein Nesheim og Kristin Jesnes 36 2 Pub_Title Mellomledd i oppdragsmarkedet 36 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/mellomledd_i_oppdragsmarkedet.pdf 36 4 Pub_AbstractEn 36 5 Pub_Type 3 36 6 Pub_Year 2017 36 7 Pub_OldID 0 36 8 22748 Maritime Policy & Management (2017) Haiying Jia, Ove Daae Lampe, Veronika Solteszova and Siri P. Strandenes Norwegian port connectivity and its policy implications (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2017.1366080) /Files/Filer/Publications/2017 Norwegian port connectivity and its policy implications.pdf 3 2017 0 PubID 22748 37 0 Pub_TypeNumber Maritime Policy & Management (2017) 37 1 Pub_Writer Haiying Jia, Ove Daae Lampe, Veronika Solteszova and Siri P. Strandenes 37 2 Pub_Title Norwegian port connectivity and its policy implications (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2017.1366080) 37 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/2017 Norwegian port connectivity and its policy implications.pdf 37 4 Pub_AbstractEn 37 5 Pub_Type 3 37 6 Pub_Year 2017 37 7 Pub_OldID 0 37 8 22746 A09/17 Sigve Aarflot and Lars Arnegård The Effect of Industrial Diversification on Banks’ Performance. A case study of the Norwegian banking market /Files/Filer/Publications/A09_17.pdf <p>By attracting deposits from savers and offering financing to borrowers, banks play an important role in the economy. Which strategic approach banks ought to pursue for optimizing performance and hence contribute to financial stability is a fundamental question in this context. In this report, we attempt to answer one aspect of this question by estimating the effect of industrial diversification on bank performance using annual data from 112 banks in Norway over the period 2004-2013. Employing several measures of portfolio diversification, we first estimate the average effect of diversification on bank performance. Then, we investigate whether the effect of diversification on performance is dependent on the underlying bank risk. Our findings suggest that increased diversification improves performance for banks in Norway. Moreover, we find that the effect of diversification is in fact dependent on bank risk. Increased diversification seems to be the superior strategy in low- and high risk scenarios, while a more concentrated portfolio should be preferred at moderate risk levels. However, similar studies done in other developed countries find evidence that differs from our results. We address these contrasting results by arguing that differences in country-specific factors such as market structure and risk should be considered in order to make meaningful comparisons.</p> 1 2017 0 PubID 22746 38 0 Pub_TypeNumber A09/17 38 1 Pub_Writer Sigve Aarflot and Lars Arnegård 38 2 Pub_Title The Effect of Industrial Diversification on Banks’ Performance. A case study of the Norwegian banking market 38 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/A09_17.pdf 38 4 Pub_AbstractEn <p>By attracting deposits from savers and offering financing to borrowers, banks play an important role in the economy. Which strategic approach banks ought to pursue for optimizing performance and hence contribute to financial stability is a fundamental question in this context. In this report, we attempt to answer one aspect of this question by estimating the effect of industrial diversification on bank performance using annual data from 112 banks in Norway over the period 2004-2013. Employing several measures of portfolio diversification, we first estimate the average effect of diversification on bank performance. Then, we investigate whether the effect of diversification on performance is dependent on the underlying bank risk. Our findings suggest that increased diversification improves performance for banks in Norway. Moreover, we find that the effect of diversification is in fact dependent on bank risk. Increased diversification seems to be the superior strategy in low- and high risk scenarios, while a more concentrated portfolio should be preferred at moderate risk levels. However, similar studies done in other developed countries find evidence that differs from our results. We address these contrasting results by arguing that differences in country-specific factors such as market structure and risk should be considered in order to make meaningful comparisons.</p> 38 5 Pub_Type 1 38 6 Pub_Year 2017 38 7 Pub_OldID 0 38 8 22745 R02/17 Nina M. Iversen, Leif E. Hem, Alexander Jakubanecs, Eivind Farstad og Ove Langeland Delings- og formidlingsøkonomi: Muligheter og utfordringer /Files/Filer/Publications/SNF-R 02_17.pdf 2 2017 0 PubID 22745 39 0 Pub_TypeNumber R02/17 39 1 Pub_Writer Nina M. Iversen, Leif E. Hem, Alexander Jakubanecs, Eivind Farstad og Ove Langeland 39 2 Pub_Title Delings- og formidlingsøkonomi: Muligheter og utfordringer 39 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/SNF-R 02_17.pdf 39 4 Pub_AbstractEn 39 5 Pub_Type 2 39 6 Pub_Year 2017 39 7 Pub_OldID 0 39 8 22744 R11/16 Endre Bjørndal and Mette Bjørndal Evaluation of the StoNED Method for Benchmarking and Regulation of Norwegian Electricity Distribution Companies /Files/Filer/Publications/R_1116.pdf <p>We evaluate the StoNED methodology for benchmarking and regulation of network companies, and we compare StoNED to the two-stage DEA method currently used by the Norwegian regulator. We find that the estimated values for the skewness parameter in the second stage of the StoNED procedure can be inconsistent with the assumed positive skewness for the inefficiency term. Setting the skewness parameter to an arbitrary value can have significant consequences for the efficiency levels. This effect is partly neutralized by the revenue calibration performed by the NVE, depending on how the calibration is implemented. Our comparison of results from StoNED and two-stage DEA show that the efficiency scores from the two methods are highly correlated, but that the levels can differ significantly. We also interpret the StoNED coefficient estimates and compare them to the corresponding (dual) DEA estimates. Finally, we illustrate the robustness of the efficiency estimates to noise in data, as exemplified by noisy pension costs.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> 2 2016 0 PubID 22744 40 0 Pub_TypeNumber R11/16 40 1 Pub_Writer Endre Bjørndal and Mette Bjørndal 40 2 Pub_Title Evaluation of the StoNED Method for Benchmarking and Regulation of Norwegian Electricity Distribution Companies 40 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/R_1116.pdf 40 4 Pub_AbstractEn <p>We evaluate the StoNED methodology for benchmarking and regulation of network companies, and we compare StoNED to the two-stage DEA method currently used by the Norwegian regulator. We find that the estimated values for the skewness parameter in the second stage of the StoNED procedure can be inconsistent with the assumed positive skewness for the inefficiency term. Setting the skewness parameter to an arbitrary value can have significant consequences for the efficiency levels. This effect is partly neutralized by the revenue calibration performed by the NVE, depending on how the calibration is implemented. Our comparison of results from StoNED and two-stage DEA show that the efficiency scores from the two methods are highly correlated, but that the levels can differ significantly. We also interpret the StoNED coefficient estimates and compare them to the corresponding (dual) DEA estimates. Finally, we illustrate the robustness of the efficiency estimates to noise in data, as exemplified by noisy pension costs.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> 40 5 Pub_Type 2 40 6 Pub_Year 2016 40 7 Pub_OldID 0 40 8 22743 A07/17 Torstein Nesheim Tilknytningsformer for arbeid: Virksomhetsstudien /Files/Filer/Publications/A07_17.pdf 1 2017 0 PubID 22743 41 0 Pub_TypeNumber A07/17 41 1 Pub_Writer Torstein Nesheim 41 2 Pub_Title Tilknytningsformer for arbeid: Virksomhetsstudien 41 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/A07_17.pdf 41 4 Pub_AbstractEn 41 5 Pub_Type 1 41 6 Pub_Year 2017 41 7 Pub_OldID 0 41 8 22742 A06/17 Øystein Foros and Hans Jarle Kind Upstream Partnerships among Competitors when Size Matters /Files/Filer/Publications/A06_17.pdf <p>In several industries, downstream competitors form upstream partnerships. An important rationale is that higher aggregate upstream volume might generate efficiencies that reduce both fixed and marginal costs. Our focus is on the latter. We show that if upstream marginal costs are decreasing in sales volume, then a partnership between downstream rivals will make them less aggressive. However, a partnership might nonetheless induce both partners and non-partners to charge lower prices. We also show that it might be better for two firms to form a partnership and compete downstream than to merge. Somewhat paradoxically, this is true if they compete fiercely in the downstream market with a third firm. The reason is that a merger is de facto a commitment to set higher prices. Under aggressive competition from the third firm, the members will not want to make such a commitment when upstream marginal costs are decreasing in output.</p> 1 2017 0 PubID 22742 42 0 Pub_TypeNumber A06/17 42 1 Pub_Writer Øystein Foros and Hans Jarle Kind 42 2 Pub_Title Upstream Partnerships among Competitors when Size Matters 42 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/A06_17.pdf 42 4 Pub_AbstractEn <p>In several industries, downstream competitors form upstream partnerships. An important rationale is that higher aggregate upstream volume might generate efficiencies that reduce both fixed and marginal costs. Our focus is on the latter. We show that if upstream marginal costs are decreasing in sales volume, then a partnership between downstream rivals will make them less aggressive. However, a partnership might nonetheless induce both partners and non-partners to charge lower prices. We also show that it might be better for two firms to form a partnership and compete downstream than to merge. Somewhat paradoxically, this is true if they compete fiercely in the downstream market with a third firm. The reason is that a merger is de facto a commitment to set higher prices. Under aggressive competition from the third firm, the members will not want to make such a commitment when upstream marginal costs are decreasing in output.</p> 42 5 Pub_Type 1 42 6 Pub_Year 2017 42 7 Pub_OldID 0 42 8 22741 A05/17 Hanna Skjervheim Bernes, Isabel Marie Flo, Øystein Foros and Hans Jarle Kind Raising rivals’ costs or improving efficiency? An exploratory study of managers’ views on backward integration in the grocery market /Files/Filer/Publications/A05_17.pdf <p>Large retail grocery chains&rsquo; backward integration into distribution, procurement and production is controversial, and has received a lot of attention by both policymakers and market players. If a large retail chain for instance takes over scale intensive distribution activities from its suppliers, direct distribution from these suppliers to other retail chains might become more expensive (and might even initiate costly industry‐wide backward integration). An interesting question is thus whether large retailers undertake backward integration mainly for efficiency reasons or whether they do so in order to gain a competitive advantage through raising the costs of the smaller rivals. Theory and econometric analyses are inconclusive. The current study uses a survey to investigate managers&rsquo; views on this issue. The study is explorative, and thus does not formally test different theories, but our findings indicate that large retail chains&rsquo; incentives to backward integrate are mainly related to efficiency rationales.</p><p>&nbsp;</p> 1 2017 0 PubID 22741 43 0 Pub_TypeNumber A05/17 43 1 Pub_Writer Hanna Skjervheim Bernes, Isabel Marie Flo, Øystein Foros and Hans Jarle Kind 43 2 Pub_Title Raising rivals’ costs or improving efficiency? An exploratory study of managers’ views on backward integration in the grocery market 43 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/A05_17.pdf 43 4 Pub_AbstractEn <p>Large retail grocery chains&rsquo; backward integration into distribution, procurement and production is controversial, and has received a lot of attention by both policymakers and market players. If a large retail chain for instance takes over scale intensive distribution activities from its suppliers, direct distribution from these suppliers to other retail chains might become more expensive (and might even initiate costly industry‐wide backward integration). An interesting question is thus whether large retailers undertake backward integration mainly for efficiency reasons or whether they do so in order to gain a competitive advantage through raising the costs of the smaller rivals. Theory and econometric analyses are inconclusive. The current study uses a survey to investigate managers&rsquo; views on this issue. The study is explorative, and thus does not formally test different theories, but our findings indicate that large retail chains&rsquo; incentives to backward integrate are mainly related to efficiency rationales.</p><p>&nbsp;</p> 43 5 Pub_Type 1 43 6 Pub_Year 2017 43 7 Pub_OldID 0 43 8 22740 A04/17 Øystein Foros, Hans Jarle Kind og Frode Steen Individuelle priser i dagligvaremarkedet – et fangens dilemma for kjedene? /Files/Filer/Publications/A04_17.pdf 1 2017 0 PubID 22740 44 0 Pub_TypeNumber A04/17 44 1 Pub_Writer Øystein Foros, Hans Jarle Kind og Frode Steen 44 2 Pub_Title Individuelle priser i dagligvaremarkedet – et fangens dilemma for kjedene? 44 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/A04_17.pdf 44 4 Pub_AbstractEn 44 5 Pub_Type 1 44 6 Pub_Year 2017 44 7 Pub_OldID 0 44 8 22739 Økonomisk fiskeriforskning, 27 (1/2017) Marianne T. Bjørndal, Trond Bjørndal og Nils-Arne Ekerhovd Økonomisk analyse av klippfisknæringa /Files/Filer/Publications/Økonomisk-analyse-av-klippfisknæringa_(1).pdf 3 2017 0 PubID 22739 45 0 Pub_TypeNumber Økonomisk fiskeriforskning, 27 (1/2017) 45 1 Pub_Writer Marianne T. Bjørndal, Trond Bjørndal og Nils-Arne Ekerhovd 45 2 Pub_Title Økonomisk analyse av klippfisknæringa 45 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/Økonomisk-analyse-av-klippfisknæringa_(1).pdf 45 4 Pub_AbstractEn 45 5 Pub_Type 3 45 6 Pub_Year 2017 45 7 Pub_OldID 0 45 8 22735 Bok Torstein Nesheim og Inger Stensaker (red.), Fagbokforlaget, 2017 Fokus på fremtidens foretaksløsninger /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 22735 46 0 Pub_TypeNumber Bok 46 1 Pub_Writer Torstein Nesheim og Inger Stensaker (red.), Fagbokforlaget, 2017 46 2 Pub_Title Fokus på fremtidens foretaksløsninger 46 3 Pub_Publication /Files 46 4 Pub_AbstractEn 46 5 Pub_Type 3 46 6 Pub_Year 2017 46 7 Pub_OldID 0 46 8 22734 Samfunnsøkonomen, 3/2017, 46-51 Kjetil Bjorvatn, Mathias Ekström og Armando José Garcia Pires Små dytt for store valg: Kan nudging gi bedre oppmøte til lærerstudiet? /Files 3 2017 0 PubID 22734 47 0 Pub_TypeNumber Samfunnsøkonomen, 3/2017, 46-51 47 1 Pub_Writer Kjetil Bjorvatn, Mathias Ekström og Armando José Garcia Pires 47 2 Pub_Title Små dytt for store valg: Kan nudging gi bedre oppmøte til lærerstudiet? 47 3 Pub_Publication /Files 47 4 Pub_AbstractEn 47 5 Pub_Type 3 47 6 Pub_Year 2017 47 7 Pub_OldID 0 47 8 22733 R01/17 Stig-Erik Jakobsen, Pelle Engesæter, Olav Kvitastein, Natalia Mæhle, Torstein Nesheim og Jarle Aarstad Midtveisevaluering av Sivas Inkubatorprogram og Næringshageprogram /Files/Filer/Publications/R01_17.pdf 2 2017 0 PubID 22733 48 0 Pub_TypeNumber R01/17 48 1 Pub_Writer Stig-Erik Jakobsen, Pelle Engesæter, Olav Kvitastein, Natalia Mæhle, Torstein Nesheim og Jarle Aarstad 48 2 Pub_Title Midtveisevaluering av Sivas Inkubatorprogram og Næringshageprogram 48 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/R01_17.pdf 48 4 Pub_AbstractEn 48 5 Pub_Type 2 48 6 Pub_Year 2017 48 7 Pub_OldID 0 48 8 21735 eBok Einar Hope Studier i konkurranse- og energipolitikk. Utvalgte skrifter i samling, 2004 - 2016 /Files/Filer/Publications/Studier i konkurranse- og energipolitikk_eBok_Einar_Hope_(1).pdf 1 2017 0 PubID 21735 49 0 Pub_TypeNumber eBok 49 1 Pub_Writer Einar Hope 49 2 Pub_Title Studier i konkurranse- og energipolitikk. Utvalgte skrifter i samling, 2004 - 2016 49 3 Pub_Publication /Files/Filer/Publications/Studier i konkurranse- og energipolitikk_eBok_Einar_Hope_(1).pdf 49 4 Pub_AbstractEn 49 5 Pub_Type 1 49 6 Pub_Year 2017 49 7 Pub_OldID 0 49 8